Location: Eastern Africa, east of Ethiopia. Somalia borders the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.
Area: 637,657 sq km
Bordered by: Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya
Coastline: 3,025 km
Climate: Principally desert, monsoons
Terrain: Mostly flat to undulating plateau, rising to hills in the north
Elevation: Shimibris 2,416m (highest point)
Natural Resources: Uranium, iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, oil
People
Population: 9,558,666 (estimate)
Median Age: 17.5 years
Population Growth Rate: 2.824% (2008 est.)
Birth Rate: 44.12 births/1,000 population
Death Rate: 15.89 deaths/1,000 population
Total Fertility Rate: 6.6 children born/woman
Nationality: Somali
Ethnic Groups: Somali 85%; Bantu, Arab, and other non-Somali 15%
Religions: Sunni Muslim
Languages: Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
Literacy: 37.8% age 15 and over can read and write; 49.7% male, 25.8% female (2001 est.)
Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: 1.1 million (2007)
Government
Capital: Mogadishu
Government Type: Transitional, parliamentary federal government (no permament natonal government)
Political Parties and Leaders: None
Political Pressure Groups and Leaders: Numerous clan and sub-clan factions exist both in support and in opposition to the transitional government
Diplomatic Representation: Somalia does not have an embassy in the United States; United States does not have an embassy in Somalia
Economy
Overview: Somalia has maintained a healthy informal economy, largely based on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies, and telecommunications. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock normally accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Livestock, hides, fish, charcoal, and bananas are Somalia’s principal exports, while sugar, sorghum, corn, qat, and machined goods are the principal imports. Somalia’s small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and sold as scrap metal. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. Money exchange services have sprouted throughout the country, handling between $500 million and $1 billion in remittances annually. Mogadishu’s main market offers a variety of goods from food to the newest electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate and are supported with private-security militias.
GDP – Official Exchange Rate: $2.509 billion (2007 est.)
GDP Per Capita: $600
GDP Real Growth Rate: 2.6%
GDP Composition by Sector: Agriculture 65%, industry 10%, services 25%
Labor Force: 3.7 million (few skilled laborers) (1975)
Unemployment Rate: NA
Exports: $300 million f.o.b. (2006)
Exports – Commodities: Livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal
Imports: $798 million f.o.b. (2006)
Imports – Commodities: Manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat
Currency: Somali shilling (SOS)
Exchange Rates: 23,000 shillings per US dollar (unnoficial black market rate as of February 2007)
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